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Algorithms |
A step by step search, where
improvement is made in every step until the best solution is found |
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ActiveX |
A technology
that enables software components to interact with one another in a
networked environment regardless of the language in which they were
created |
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Analytical Techniques |
Methods that
use mathematical formulas to derive an optimal solution directly,
or predict a certain result, mainly in solving structured problems |
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API (aplication programming interface) |
A set of
programming routines that are used to provide services and link
different types of sotware |
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Applet |
A small
program that performs a specific task |
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Artifical Intelligence |
The subfield
of computer science that is concerne with symbolic reasoning and
problem solving |
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Artifical Neural Networks |
Computer
technology that attempts to build computers that will operate like
a human brain. The machine possess simultaneous memory storage and
work with ambiguous information |
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Backpropagation |
The
best-known learning algorithm in neural computing. Learning is
done by comparing computed outputs to desired outputs of historical
cases |
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Business Intelligence |
An
information system that allows users to view data in databases and
interpret them easily and quickly. It is usually related to an EIS. |
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Case-based Reasoning (CBR) |
Methodology
in which knowledge and/or inferences are derived from historical
cases |
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CGI ( common gateway interface) |
The standard
for communication between a Web server applicaiton and other
programs.
CGI files are often stored in the cgi-bin directory on a server |
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CICS |
A
teleprocessing and transaction management system which runs as a
VTAM application |
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Client/Server Architecture |
A network
system where serveral PCs share the memory and other capabilities
of a larger computer, or that of printers, databases, etc. |
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Data Marts |
Departmental
data warehouses where only relevant data are kept |
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Data Mining |
The activity
of looking for very specific, detailed, but unknown, information in
databases. A serach for valuable, yet difficult to get, data.
Previously called data dipping. |
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Data Visualization |
Graphical
animation or video presentation of data and the results of data
analysis. |
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Data Warehouse |
The Physical
repository where relational data are specially organized to provide
enterprise-wide, cleaned data in a standardized format. |
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Database Management Systems (DBMS) |
the software
to establish, update, and query a database. |
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Data Definition Language |
A part of
the Structured Query Language (SQL) that consists of the commands
responsible for the creation or deletion of the database objects. |
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Decision Support System (DSS) |
Computer-based information systems that combine models and data in
an atempt to solve nonstructured problems with extensive user
involvment. |
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Decision Tree |
A graphical
presentation of a sequence of interrelated decisions to be made
under assumed risk. |
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Directory |
A catalog of
all the data in a database or all the models in a model base. |
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Drill Down |
The ability
to investigate information in detail. For example, finding not
only total sales, but also sales by region, by product, or by
salesperson. |
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Executive Information System |
Computerized
system that is specifically designed to support executive work. |
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Executive Support System |
An executive
informatioon system that includes some analytical and communication
capabilities. |
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Firewalls |
A method for
protecting the organization's computers from outsiders. |
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Fourth Generatioon Languages |
Nonprocedural, user-oriented languages that enable quick programming
by specifying only the desired results. |
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Fuzzy Logic |
Ways of
reasoning that can cope with uncertain or partial information;
characteristic of human thinking and many expert systems. |
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Genetic Algorithms |
Software
programs that learn in an evolutionary manner, similar to the way
biological systems evolve. |
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Graphical user interface (GUI) |
An interface
used by display workstations to interface with end users, which
provides a consistent API and a standard look and feel of
Microsoft's Windows, OSF/Motif, Sun's Open Look, and OS/2
Presentation Manager are some of the most popular GUIs. |
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Internet Protocol |
A part of
the TCP/IP protocol suite that performs data packet segmentation
and routing. |
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Java |
A
programming language designed primarily for writing Web-based
software which is downloaded over the internet to a client machine;
HotJava, which is installed on a Web browser, enables the downloaded
Java programs to run. (JavaSoft) |
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Knowledge Discovery |
A machine
learning process that performs rule induction, or, a related
procedure to establish knowledge from large databases or textual
sources. |
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Knowledge Management |
The active
management of the expertise in an organization. It involves
collecting, categorizing and disseminating knowledge. |
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Machine Learning |
A computer
that can learn from experience (for example, programs that can
learn from historical cases) |
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ODBC(Open database connectivity) |
A language
that lets data sources communicate with applications. It is based
on SQL queries. ODBC is installed on a computer as an extension to
the operating system; ODBC driver for specific types of daata
sources are available from various vendors. The use of ODBC makes
it possible for applications to communicate at a high level with
data sources about which they have little knowledge |
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Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) |
An
information system that enables the user to query the system,
conduct an analysis, etc., while the user is at his or her PC.
The result is generated in seconds. |
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Self-organizing |
A neural
network architecture that uses unsupervised learning. |
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Structured Query Language |
A data
definition and management language of relational databases. It
front-ends most relational DBMS. |
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Systems Network Architecture (SNA) |
The
description of the logical structure, formats, protocols, and
operational sequences for transmitting information through
controlling configuratioon and operation of networks. |
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Thin client |
A client
machine that performs very little data or application processing --
the processing is done in the server, and the client machine
processes the output for the screen display. |
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Unsupervised Learning |
A method of
training artificial neural networks in which only input stimuli are
shown to the network, which is self-organizing. |
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Web Mining |
Data mining
on teh Internet via intelligent agents. Information discovery,
extraction, summarization and generalization. |
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